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Social Engineering

Social engineering is a manipulation technique used by attackers to trick people into revealing confidential information or performing actions that compromise security. Unlike technical hacking, social engineering exploits human psychology and behavior.

Key Techniques of Social Engineering

  • Phishing: Attackers send deceptive emails or messages that appear legitimate to trick recipients into providing sensitive information, such as login credentials or financial details.
  • Spear Phishing: A targeted form of phishing where attackers customize their messages to a specific individual or organization to increase the likelihood of success.
  • Pretexting: Attackers create a fabricated scenario to persuade victims to divulge information or perform actions. For example, pretending to be a trusted authority figure or a service provider.
  • Baiting: Attackers offer something enticing, like free software or a gift, to lure victims into providing sensitive information or downloading malware.
  • Quid Pro Quo: Attackers promise a benefit or service in exchange for information. For example, offering technical support in exchange for login credentials.
  • Tailgating (Piggybacking): Attackers gain physical access to secure areas by following authorized personnel into restricted zones, often by pretending to be an employee or delivery person.

Common Targets and Risks

  • Employees: Attackers often target employees to gain access to corporate networks, sensitive data, or intellectual property.
  • Consumers: Individuals are targeted to steal personal information, financial data, or to install malware on their devices.
  • Organizations: Social engineering can lead to data breaches, financial losses, and damage to an organization's reputation.

Real-World Usage:
In 2023, MGM Resorts experienced a cyber-attack that severely impacted its operations, including slot machines, online booking systems, and digital keys. The attack was initiated through a social engineering technique known as vishing (voice phishing).

Attack Details:
Social Engineering: Attackers posed as trusted sources and contacted MGM's help desk employees via phone calls. They convinced the employees to reset passwords and multi-factor authentication (MFA) codes for high-value accounts.
Access Gained: Using the obtained credentials, the attackers gained access to MGM's internal systems, including the Okta identity provider and Microsoft Azure cloud environment.
Ransomware Involvement: The attackers then deployed ransomware, encrypting data and demanding a ransom.

Impact:
The attack disrupted operations for several days, affecting guests' ability to check in, make payments, and access their hotel rooms. It also exposed the vulnerabilities of relying on social engineering tactics and the importance of robust security measures.